In nearly every state, there are certain bellwether counties that are good indicators of which candidate will win the state, barring extreme regional polarization. In this post, I will examine the bellwether counties for every single state, barring the few that don’t seem to have one.
Alabama: Tuscaloosa County
Home to the University of Alabama, this is not a generic rural Alabama district. However, it is one of only a few counties with a white majority and a large black minority. Home to Tuscaloosa, the fifth largest city in the state, it is relatively urban/suburban. A Dixiecrat like Bobby Bright could probably win the state without this county by doing well in rural areas, but any other Democrat needs to win here. The college voters provide a base that leans Republican but is still gettable for a conservaDem. Besides the city of Tuscaloosa, this county has one suburb, Northport, and then outlying rural areas. Seeing how conservative this area generally is shows just how hard it is for a Democrat to win statewide in Alabama. It last voted for a Democrat for President in 1976, the last time the state was won by one. The last Senate candidate to win it was Dick Shelby in 1992, before he switched parties. It did vote for Siegelman in 2002 when he barely lost.
Alaska doesn’t have counties, so I’m not listing it here.
Arizona: Najavo County
While demographically not at all representative of Arizona, it is politically. Despite being plurality Native American, the extremely conservative White base makes this a county that leans Republican, much like the state it is a part of. Mostly rural and including huge Navajo, Apache, and Hopi reservations, the county last voted for a Democrat statewide in Janet Napolitano’s 2006 gubernatorial romp. Dennis DeConcini’s 1988 election was the last time it did for Senate, however, and Bill Clinton won it both times.
Other states will continue to be added over the flip:
Arkansas: Howard County
Tiny Howard County serves as the bellwether of one of the fastest-shifting states in the nation. Although its population is under 15,000, it is demographically close to the state as a whole (a bit over 20% Black). It is a dry county. Presidentially, it last voted for a Democrat in 1996 (not surprisingly). It’s voted for the winning candidate (read Democrat) in every Senate election in the past 20 years, as well as the winning candidate in every governor election (Beebe, Huckabee, Tucker, Clinton) in that time-span. Like most of Arkansas, it is a very poor county.
California: Imperial and San Benito Counties
Both these counties are similar, they flipped blue in 1992 like California and haven’t turned back; they both are majority Hispanic, and they are both quite rural. San Benito County, home of the acclaimed Hollister, is in the Salinas Valley and the rural mountains east of it. Imperial County is on the Mexican and Arizona borders and is home to El Centro, Calexico, Brawley, and Imperial, all of which are probably best classified as large towns. 2/3 speak Spanish as their first language, but due to non-citizenship of many, the county is only moderately Democratic. They both voted for Arnold twice, but voted for Gray Davis twice before voting to recall him just one year later. However, San Benito County voted for Feinstein over Wilson in 1990. They both voted against Feinstein in her first election to the Senate, 1994, and San Benito also voted against Boxer in 1992.
Colorado: Larimer County
This should come as no surprise to anybody that followed the 2008 election, with this being key to Obama and Betsy Markey’s victories. Larimer County is the 7th-largest in the state. Racially, it is a bit less Latino than the state, but it has many moderate surburbanites and is well-educated, much like Colorado. The main population centers are Fort Collins, the fifth largest city in the state, and its smaller southern neighbor, Loveland. Together, they comprise the Ft. Collins Metro Area, which is kind of part of the Denver Area as well. It went blue in both 2008 and 1992, the years that Democrats won the state in recent times. For Senate, it has mirrored the state in every election since 1990 (all my data goes back to that year, so when I say in every election, I mean since then). For Governor, it has done the same, making it a perfect bellwether county.
Connecticut: New London County
Yes, counties don’t matter in New England, but they will here. In the Southeast of the state, this county flipped along with the state in 1992. The main towns are New London, Groton, and Norwich, and it is home to the Coast Guard Academy. With the outlier of 1994, when it voted 3rd party for governor, it has gone along with the state in every statewide election. It is the base of Joe Courtney’s congressional district.
Delaware is too small for this to be relevant
Florida: Hillsborough County
Located along the famed I-4 corridor, this is one of the most famed swing counties. The last time it didn’t support the statewide presidential winner (in a swing state, no less) was 1960, when it voted for Kennedy. In the other close elections (2004,2000,1992, 1976, 1968, 1964) it always went with the state. In 1994, it voted Bush over Chiles for Governor, and it voted Castor over Martinez in 2004, but on the whole, it’s very accurate at predicting who will win the state. Look for it in November to see if Alex Sink will win. The county itself is very large, at 1.2 million people and still growing. It’s a little under 60% White, relatively close to the state’s population. Tampa, at 350,000 people, is nearing the top 50 nationwide. The city is barely majority-minority. There are also many suburbs:
Plant City, a large strawberry producer. and located in the rural eastern part of the county
Temple Terrace, built pre-Depression as a golf community
Bloomingdale, an affluent community
University, home of USF, a very poor community, with 30%+ in poverty
Riverview, a middle-class suburb
Egypt Lake-Leto, a poor Hispanic suburb
Keystone, a very affluent suburb
Lake Magdalene, middle class as well
Palm River, a middle-class diverse area
Brandon, the largest suburb at nearly 100,000 people.
Lutz, upper-middle class
Citrus Park, another diverse middle-class area
Westchase, another wealthy area
Town n Country, home to 80,000 and a mix of White and Hispanic
Greater Northdale, upper middle class
Greater Carrolwood, see above